PFT: Ravens are holding out hope on Suggs

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A former NFL running back who spent 11 seasons in the game has provided some intriguing insights into the life of a former football player.? Michael Pittman, who played 11 seasons with the Cardinals, Buccaneers, and Broncos, told WDAE radio in Tampa that he suffered seven or eight concussions during his career.

?Just like the former players that are suing the NFL, I suffer from the same symptoms of course,? Pittman said, via JoeBucsFan.com.? ?The headaches, memory loss, vision loss. . . .? Sometimes you get depressed.? And there?s some times you really can?t control it, just the way you feel, your emotions.?

Pittman admitted that, at one point, he needed to see a psychiatrist ? and to his credit he had no qualms talking about a health condition that, despite the inexplicable social stigma, is no different than having a broken bone.

Pittman said that people criticizing the players who are suing the league don?t understand what the former players are going through.? ?The NFL needs to make these players that [are] playing more aware of the long-term effects of playing,? Pittman said.? ?Because when I was playing, they didn?t do that.?

He added that, if he knew more during his career the long-term effects of concussions, Pittman may have retired after only two of three.? He said he hasn?t sued yet, but he may.? (The clock is ticking on the statute of limitations; the NFL likely would argue it already has expired, even if he sued today.)

Pittman, like many former players, is concerned about how he?ll feel in his 50s, given that he?s currently having issues at only the age of 36.

Regardless of whether he chooses to join in the concussion lawsuit, here?s hoping Pittman and all other former players suffering from the effects of concussions get the medical assistance they need to lead long and normal lives.

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Meteorite Reveals Clues in Search for Life on Mars

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'Bimbo' Adam Levine loves women 'so much'

Details

By Us Weekly

Adam Levine has always been a ladies' man. In the June issue of Details, the 33-year-old "Payphone" singer attempts to explain why he's romanced everyone from Jessica Simpson to Natalie Portman.

"There's two kinds of men: There are men who are [expletive] misogynist pigs, and then there are men who just really love women, who think they're the most amazing people in the world. And that's me," Levine tells the magazine. "Maybe the reason I was promiscuous, and wanted to sleep with a lot of them, is that I love them so much."

PHOTOS: Hollywood's biggest flirts

Being linked to so many high-profile women might seem like a dream come true for some, but not Levine. "I've always felt a little misrepresented in the world," he says. "I felt like people only knew me as a singer who dated pretty girls. A little bit of a bimbo. Maybe I was kind of a bimbo."

PHOTOS: The Voice mentors, then and now

"I was the music dude that was naked all the time with the girls, and that's fine, no problem with that," he continues. "But I wanted to create a little balance. When 'The Voice' came around, I thought, 'People now know that I have a brain.'"

VIDEO: Adam Levine and Christina Aguilera duet on The Voice

Levine -- who recently split with model Anne Vyalitsyna, his girlfriend of two years -- goes on to say that he's "fiercely independent but also terrified of being alone."

Related TODAY video:

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Good Religious Education should convey ... - The Jewish Teachers

Racism can never be justified.? That?s why when AQA (a leading UK exam board) published an exam question last week on a GCSE Judaism paper which asked students to ?Explain briefly why some people are prejudiced against Jews? it provoked such outcry from the Board of Deputies of British Jews among other community organisations.?? As a Religious Studies teacher, teaching the AQA GCSE, I think that a discussion around stereotyping and scapegoating is important and legitimate.? However, I can?t help thinking that for some students, when asked to ?Explain why some people are prejudiced against Jews? or indeed any other minority, a student might just list all the worst sorts of objectionable things about the group specified; without making reference to flawed upbringing or ignorance as an explanation for the racist views ? and there?s no doubt that this is what AQA had in mind when they wrote the exam. My real worry is that these kinds of badly written exam questions can limit and lead to ?bad RE? teaching.? The best Religious Studies teaching is done by teachers who attempt to convey religions and their context in society in an engaging an authentic way.? In the case of Jewish Studies, I think that the context of racism and Anti Semitism has to be taught sensitively, as one part of Jewish history, but not to the exclusion of teaching about all other aspects of Jewish identity, belief and practice. Ultimately GCSE examinations are a ?rubber stamp? to acknowledge years of learning, and it?s a missed opportunity when poorly worded examination questions fail to showcase the breadth of students? learning.

Flora R H Richards is in her fifth year of teaching Religious Studies at various London schools. She trained to teach at King?s College London and has a Religious Studies degree from Lancaster University. She is chair of the Jewish Teachers Association. Email her on chair@jewishteachers.org.uk

Find JTA on Facebook under ?UK Jewish Teachers?

Follow JTA on twitter @jewishteacher

Did you enjoy this post? Leave a comment below and continue the conversation, or subscribe to my feed and get articles like this delivered automatically to your feed reader.

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Tax Write-off Limitations On Business Losses | Free Finance Articles

When considering deducting business expenditures, you?ll find important limitations on what losses you are allowed to claim as well as when. This can also be determined by which kind of business entity you?re controlling. Sole proprietors, s-corporations, and limited liability companies all have different reporting requirements for income tax reasons.

When your company is a S-Corporation or LLC, the financial results of your business passes right through to your individual return. That said, the deductions cannot be over your basis in the business. If this condition takes place, you must carry the losses forward to later years. This will offset your future year income. Your basis is dependent on how you attained an interest in the company. Typically, this is in the form of start up capital you paid to help get the organization up and running. You can even boost your basis via offering extra cash following the original start-up period. There are more methods to attain a stake in a business that contributes to the basis. Nonetheless, they?re not as prevalent and are not within the scope of this article.

You also need to find out if you?re fall under the at-risk rules. If you?re a limited partner or aren?t working in the organization, the at-risk guidelines may apply. In numerous scenarios, you invest a certain sum of money towards the company and assume no personal liability. In this instance, the maximum you could stand to forfeit is only the cash that you originally invested.

Your at-risk cost basis will be the absolute total of the deduction that you are able to take as a loss. This is determined through the cash you contributed, the cost basis of assets you provide, and recourse loans. These financial loans are loans that allow for lenders to keep you individually liable whenever the business is unable to pay back. If the at-risk basis pertains to you, you then must file form 6198 to compute the overall loss you may incur in the current tax year.

Unless you participate in the routine activities of your company, your losses can also be limited. This is controlled by the passive activity loss regulations. Limited partners usually belong to this group. Another general guideline is that you simply have to be an active participant for a minimum of five hundred hours in the past year. The exclusion for this rule is that if you are more active than all of your business partners, then the passive income protocols will not apply to you.

Lastly, keep in mind your passive income deductions can?t go beyond your passive income gains in a income tax year. In this case, you would need to bring the loss into future income tax years.

Eileen Jacobs is a tax preparer from Las Vegas, NV. She has more than Thirty years of income tax expertise. accountant Las Vegas

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Fitness for Older Adults ? frequently asked questions - Physical ...

The American Council on Exercise has kindly given us permission to reproduce the following article.

I haven?t exercised in years ? why should I start now?

Even if you?ve never been active, it?s never too late to reap the many health benefits of regular exercise. Regular cardiovascular exercise, such as brisk walking, bicycling or swimming strengthens the heart and muscles, boosts energy and endurance. It also helps control blood sugar and cholesterol levels and works as a natural mood elevator.

Being sedentary raises the risk for developing such serious health conditions as diabetes and heart disease. Strength exercise, or resistance training, helps preserve muscle tissue and bone health. It?ll help you stay strong, so you can go about your normal daily activities.

I have several medical conditions ? is exercise safe for me?

Consult with your health care provider before starting an exercise program. Ask about precautions specific to your condition and which exercises are beneficial and safe for you. Regular exercise helps manage health conditions and can speed up the recovery process of serious illnesses, including heart attack, stroke and joint-replacement surgery. Your doctor may recommend that you start exercising in a medically-supervised setting before you exercise on your own.

Which exercises are easy on the joints?

Water exercises (swimming, water walking) or non weight-bearing exercises (bicycling, rowing, elliptical machines) are easier on the joints and often recommended for people with joint issues. However, your health care provider may recommend some weight-bearing exercises (walking, jogging) to protect and strengthen your bones.

How much exercise is enough?

Start with 5 minutes or whatever you can manage, then gradually work up to 30 minutes a day of cardiovascular exercise most days of the week. You should notice a difference in how you feel within 6-8 weeks. Perform muscle-strengthening exercises twice weekly with at least 24 hours in between sessions.

To get started, hire a certified personal trainer, attend group strength-training classes, visit your library to check out a strength-training DVD and visit the ACE Exercise Library.

I?m not overweight ? do I really need to exercise?

Even if your weight is in a healthy range, regular exercise is key for maintaining good health and to reduce health risks. One study showed that physically fit overweight people had significantly lower health risks than thin, sedentary people. An inactive lifestyle raises your risk for developing serious health conditions, including metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and heart disease.

How can I exercise on a limited budget?

Start walking! All you need is a comfortable pair of walking shoes and a safe place to walk. Community centers typically offer low-cost group fitness classes and libraries lend out fitness DVDs.

Is strength-training a good idea at my age?

Strength-training is critical for older adults. Adults lose 4-6 lbs. of muscle tissue per decade, which means a significant loss of body strength and a lower resting metabolism. Older adults who undergo a structured strength-training program have shown to regain lost muscle mass, increase their strength, metabolism, bone density and balance and improve their quality of life. One study linked muscular strength to reduced stiffness in the aorta, the major artery carrying blood from the heart to the rest of the body, which can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular events, independent of current aerobic fitness levels. However, if calorie intake isn?t also reduced, fat weight increases.

Should I exercise by myself or sign up for a class?

It depends on your needs and preferences. Group fitness classes are great for people who enjoy company or need accountability; others prefer exercising alone. Just going to the store makes me tired and short of breath. Will exercise help? It depends. Exercise will strengthen your heart and muscles, regardless of age. You?ll be able to do more with less effort and won?t tire as easily. Ask your health care provider to give you guidelines for safe and effective exercising.

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Computer Security For Your EBiz | Release Press

Article by Janice Sperry

Computer Security For Your EBiz ? Computers ? Security

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Online computer security is overlooked or minimized by too many Internet businesses. There are numerous security software packages available. Each company offers a multitude of features to keep your business computer safe and secure. So which features are essential? Which ones can?t you do without? Which of these features are already in your business computer? Most vendors sell the basic version of their security software and sell the premium versions (usually with the features that you really need) at a higher price. Is it worth it to pay more for the premium versions of these security programs?

To safeguard your online business computer the following are what you absolutely should have:

1. Anti Virus Software

Having an anti virus system installed in your business computer is a must as it will detect and remove viruses and worms that have gotten into your hard drive. You may accidentally download infected files, receive infected e-mails or have your system compromised after visiting questionable websites. Once installed on your business computer, your anti virus software will need to be updated on a regular basis since new viruses are created every day. Most anti virus software programs automatically update themselves.

2. Personal Firewall

Install a personal firewall on your business computer to keep hackers and malicious programs from infiltrating your computer and accessing your business files. A personal firewall will monitor connections that are coming in to and going out of your computer.

3. Anti Spyware Program

Install anti spyware program in your business computer in order to block or remove spyware and adware programs that have gotten into the computer. Spyware and adware programs are malicious programs with hidden code. They disguise themselves as acceptable files. For instance, rootkit programs are often used by hackers to hide spyware and malware.

4. Wireless Network Monitoring Software

If you use a wireless networking system this piece of software is absolutely essential. It will prevent unauthorized individuals from using up all your bandwidth or invading your wireless network. With wireless network monitoring software you can set up access IDs, passwords and network addresses.

The following are also good for security although it may not be as critical to have the best software available:

1. Anti Phishing/Fraud Defense Software

This security software protects your business computer against phishing and fraud. It stops various online fraud attempts to get your credit card number or bank account number. If you use Internet Explorer or Firefox as your browser, they already have this security feature integrated.

2. Online Identity Protection Software

Online identify protection software protects you from online identity theft. Most of the sites you will use for online purchases already have some type of online identity protection implemented. If you use your credit card or debit card for online purchases, be aware that it comes with online protection in cases of unauthorized purchases.

3. Anti Spam Software

An anti spam software filters e-mails you did not request or e-mails that may contain dangerous files. Web-based e-mail services like Gmail, Hotmail and Yahoo already have spam filters in place. If you mistakenly open an e-mail with a suspicious attachment or links to sites designed to steal your information, the anti spam software will scan the attachment first or disable the links so that you do not accidentally click on them.

4. Pop-Up Blocker

A pop-up blocker prevents malicious scripts in pop-up webpages from executing. Again, Internet Explorer and Firefox already have a pop-up blocker installed.

When you purchase any of these security software packages to protect your eBiz computer, make sure you keep your subscription up to date. Keeping your security software current helps keep your online business computer secure.

Most security software offers similar features and protection capabilities. There is, however, security software that is specifically recommended for online businesses. Most of this security software can be downloaded for free during a trial period before you purchase the full version.

Your business computer can never be 100% safe and secure. You can, however, lower the risk of unauthorized access to it by using security programs and keeping them all current. By doing this, you save yourself time and money.

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Please also read about another essential safeguard involving password security. Be sure to visit our website and discover ways to build a passive income online

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Samsung Galaxy S3: Virtual Showdown of Voice Assistants S Voice and Siri [VIDEO]

S Voice can be used to set alarm, play songs, turn volume up and down, send text messages and emails, organise schedule.

The Samsung Galaxy S3 was unveiled at an event in London on 3 May and will see a market release in the UK on 30 May. The device, since the unveiling, has become a hugely popular Android smartphone.

The Galaxy S3 will come pre-installed with Android 4.0.4 (Ice Cream Sandwich), Samsung's own quad-core processor (the company's first-ever model) and a high resolution eight megapixel camera. In addition, the phone can support 4G speeds, where available, and Near Field Communication (NFC) technology. However, the most notable feature, perhaps, is S Voice - a direct rival to the iPhone's Siri - and a voice-activated personal assistant.

As with all gadget and tech details, it was earlier reported that a build of S Voice had been leaked and made available to all Android ICS users. However, the South Koreans soon responded and locked the servers down, blocking all requests generated by unauthorised S Voice programmes and unsupported devices. The S Voice, then, is set to make a full debut with the S3.

Samsung's answer to Apple's Siri is reportedly an advanced natural language User Interface (UI) that will allow, in addition to voice-activated information searches and device-user communication, a degree of control over device functions and commands. It can, for example, be used to set alarms, play songs, control audio volumes, send texts and emails and organise schedules. It also controls the camera app on the phone.

Unsurprisingly, both S Voice and Siri demand properly enunciated user commands, rely on search engines to provide answers and tend to redirect queries to a Google search. Apple seems to have an advantage over Samsung in terms of the speed with which the programmes respond to queries, as well as the depth of answers. Siri, for example does not provide for results of a search within the country of the user and does not help with location-based queries, unlike S Voice according to a report on The Verge. In addition, Siri tends to talk a little more than S Voice, which comes with an audio-off option.

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Essentially, while Siri responds faster, the S Voice offers a greater array of performance-related options, meaning, theoretically, one can do more with Samsung's assistant than Apple's.

GSM Arena also ran comparisons and they included the Speaktoit Assistant (for Android). The results were mixed. The test involved a series of questions tasking all programmes with basic operations like sending texts, enquiring after traffic conditions, recovering information for basic (random?) trivia questions and interfacing with social networking Web sites - Facebook.

On the whole, S Voice and Siri performed better than Speaktoit, which was to be expected; the notable exception was the request to update Facebook with a new status - Siri was unable to comply while the other two did. Between Samsung's and Apple's programmes, however, the primary difference seemed to be speed of response, with Siri, once again, shading S Voice to the post.?

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Froth, frocks and film at an anxiety-tinged Cannes

CANNES, France (AP) ? There was Brad Pitt and Nicole Kidman, red carpet glamour and a crop of new Academy Award contenders ? but this was also the year the global financial crisis exploded onto movie screens at Cannes.

"La Crise" ? as the French call it ? bedeviled Robert Pattinson's disaster-bound billionaire in David Cronenberg's "Cosmopolis," the unemployed Glasgow youth in Ken Loach's "The Angels' Share," the bare-knuckle boxer in Jacques Audiard's "Rust and Bone" and the worried mobsters in Andrew Dominik's "Killing Them Softly."

We live in anxious times, and that feeling was reflected at the French Riviera film festival that's a byword for frocks and froth, as well as for serious cinema.

The mood seemed to be mirrored by the weather. Several days were unseasonably cold and stormy, turning red-carpet photocalls into rain-lashed ordeals.

In the face of this angst, the jury rewarded love, giving Cannes' top prize, the Palme d'Or, to Austrian director Michael Haneke for "Amour," a starkly powerful film about an elderly couple coping with the wife's worsening health.

Second and third prizes went to Matteo Garrone's Italian satire "Reality" and Ken Loach's whiskey-tasting comedy "The Angels' Share," and there were acting honors for Denmark's Mads Mikkelsen for "The Hunt" and Romania's Cristina Flutur and Cosmina Stratan for "Beyond the Hills."

Although the festival had a strong American flavor, there were no prizes for a batch of films that examined the United States, past and present ? often through the lens of non-American directors.

Australia's John Hillcoat depicted Prohibition-era bootleggers in "Lawless" and Brazil's Walter Salles crossed the country in his adaptation of Jack Kerouac's Beat classic "On the Road." New Zealand-born Dominik set "Killing Them Softly," a thriller starring Brad Pitt as a worldly Mob enforcer, against the backdrop of the 2008 U.S. presidential election, while Canada's Cronenberg sent Pattinson's stretch limo across a Manhattan of security threats and Occupy-style protests.

Cronenberg said that "it seemed at points that we were working more on a documentary."

American directors also looked long and hard at their country. Lee Daniels stirred the sexual and racial politics of the 1960s South into a death-row thriller in "The Paperboy," while Jeff Nichols' "Mud" spun a modern-day "Huckleberry Finn" story among Mississippi River fishing families whose way of life is threatened.

It would not be the Cannes Film Festival without moments of controversy ? and craziness.

The former was provided by the absence of any female directors from the 22 films in the festival's main competition. The situation drew letters and petitions in France and the United States, and even a small protest by feminist group La Barbe in front of Cannes' famous red carpet.

Cannes director Thierry Fremaux responded that he chose films solely on merit, but the festival promised to make a greater effort to hunt down films by women.

The baffling and bizarre were provided by the surreal appearance of the devil in a Mexican family home in Carlos Reygadas' "Post Tenebras Lux" ? which won the directing prize ? and by pretty much everything, including a parking lot full of talking stretch limos, in Leos Carax's "Holy Motors."

While Carax's mysterious meditation on performance and reality is unlikely to tempt Hollywood's Academy, there was plenty at Cannes that will.

There was no film this year with the obvious mainstream crossover appeal of last year's breakout Cannes movie, "The Artist," which went on to win five Oscars.

That film was acquired by The Weinstein Co., which this year has picked up "The Sapphires," a buoyant musical about an Australian Aboriginal girl group that played out of competition at Cannes. It plans a fall release in the U.S.

The likeliest candidate for an Oscars boost may be "Mud," an assured and moving third feature from 33-year-old director Nichol. The film gives Matthew McConaughey a standout role as a mystic-minded fugitive holed up on an island in the Mississippi, and also draws powerfully natural performances from child actors Tye Sheridan and Jacob Lofland.

McConaughey also appears in "The Paperboy," which features an attention-grabbing performance from Kidman as a sultry femme fatale. It could win her an Oscar nomination, and there could also be one for Marion Cotillard's intense performance as a killer whale trainer who has a tragic workplace accident in "Rust and Bone."

And there's likely to be a solid audience for "Killing Them Softly," a taut, 1970s-style crime thriller that sees Pitt play cynical straight man to some outstanding character acting from the likes of James Gandolfini and Ray Liotta.

Cannes is a strange blend of high-art seriousness and Hollywood chutzpah, where the latest Haneke masterwork coexists with Sacha Baron Cohen riding a camel down the seaside Croisette as "The Dictator."

Even for showbiz veterans, it can be a remarkable experience, as McConaughey discovered at the gala premiere of "The Paperboy."

"It got a wonderful ovation and I've never experienced that," he said. "I've never done stage, and so I've never really experienced an immediate response live like that. It was nice to take a breath and say, 'Feel this. Feel this, McConaughey. This is a special, once-in-a-lifetime thing.'"

_____

Associated Press Writer Thomas Adamson contributed to this report.

______

Jill Lawless can be reached at http://Twitter.com/JillLawless

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Bombing claims, pullout promises ahead of Sudans' talks

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India GPS Video Tours

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India offers Pakistan Rs 56 crore for handing over Hafiz Saeed

Exasperated with Pakistan's refusal to act against Hafiz Saeed, Indian Home Secretary R. K. Singh had offered that India would even be ready to pay Rs.56 crore to Pakistan in case Saeed is handed over to them, Indian media revealed on Sunday.
Reports said that Singh's remark came at the conclusion of the two-day talks in Islamabad on Friday where the much-anticipated signing of the visa agreement between both countries did not happen.
Singh, however, maintained that there was enough evidence provided by India against Saeed and that added to the proof collected against Saeed by Pakistan's Federal Investigation Agency (FIA).
He said it was adequate to arrest and prosecute Saeed for the 26/11 Mumbai attacks.
When asked if India would in that case pocket the Rs.56 crore bounty offered by the US for providing evidence leading to conviction of Saeed, Singh said that India would be more than happy to give Pakistan that amount if they handed over Saeed to India.

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Tax could cost UBS up to 10 pct of Europe assetseShareholder ...

ZURICH (Reuters) - UBS AG (VTX:UBSN.VX - News) could see up to 10 percent of its European assets of 300 billion Swiss francs ($312.52 billion) moved out due to pressure to clamp down on untaxed accounts, the head of the wealth management business was quoted as saying on Saturday.

"We have been losing assets in Europe for many quarters, around 10 billion francs to date," Juerg Zeltner told the Finanz und Wirtschaft newspaper in an interview.

"And we expect further asset outflows going forward, in the region of 12 to 30 billion francs. That's a bitter pill to swallow. We are able offset this erosion thanks to strong growth in new markets."

Zeltner said UBS had assets under management of over 300 billion francs in Europe, over 170 billion francs in Asia, around 110 billion francs in emerging markets and 130 billion in Switzerland.

"Banks that are focused largely on the European cross-border business are having a much tougher time," he said.

After mounting criticism of its tradition of strict bank secrecy, Switzerland has agreed to do more to help foreign governments hunt tax evaders and has signed deals with Germany, Britain and Austria to levy punitive taxes on undeclared assets held in its banks and a withholding tax on future client income.

Zeltner said he did not expect a mass exodus of clients once the deals come into force, in theory in 2013, although the German deal still faces some opposition from the Social Democrats.

"The lion's share of the German money leaving the bank will go to the tax authorities. There is no evidence of clients taking their money out of the country as they did in the U.S. case," he said.

UBS paid a big fine and handed over details of more than 4,000 clients to U.S. authorities in 2009 to settle allegations it helped wealthy Americans dodge taxes.

"I see no indication that assets are being moved to Singapore or Hong Kong," Zeltner added.

UBS posted strong money flows into its flagship private bank in the first quarter, underscoring its appeal as a safe haven for the savings of the world's wealthy.

Switzerland's biggest bank, scaling back its risky investment bank which suffered huge losses in the credit crunch to focus on private banking, said the unit won a net 6.7 billion francs in fresh assets and hiked margins.

UBS is also trying to recover from a rogue trading scandal involving London-based Kweku Adoboli, accused of unauthorized deals that cost the bank $2.3 billion.

(Reporting by Emma Thomasson; editing by Keiron Henderson)

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Friday Night Live! (Week 2) T&H Hosts Corbett Report Radio ...

Podcast: Play in new window | Download (Duration: 44:15 ? 30.4MB)

May 25, 2012: Week 2 / We?ll be discussing Brett?s School Sucks Podcast trilogy (episodes 134-136) titled ?The American Way?; focusing on hour 3 and the story of Prussian influence on American culture. CLICK HERE to listen to Corbett Report Radio live on RBN weeknights at midnight Eastern.

Click here to access the personal brain model being discussed during the show to see the historical connections and legacy of Hegel.

Click this banner and get The Ultimate History Lesson and we'll donate $15 to James for his Corbett Report Projects!

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Notes from Episode 136: Part 3 of 3 in an expansion of the School Sucks: The American Way You Tube Video.

Topic:
The American way?
What is this way? Where does it come from? And where does it lead?

In this show: G. W. F. Hegel

Week 2 (05-25-12)

?

1)???? Introduction

1. a.???? 5 W?s
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (Who)
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? German Philosopher (What and Where)
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? August 27, 1770 ? November 14, 1831 (When)
   4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? ?I believe that in the course of my own development as a philosopher, I have recapitulated and give expression to the ?autobiography? of the Absolute.? (Why)

2)???? Historical Context

1. a.???? Timeline of released works:
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? The Phenomenology of Mind (1807)
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? The Science of Logic (1812)
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Philosophy of Right (1821)
   4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? Logic: Part One -Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences(1830)
   5. ???????????????????????????????????????? v.??? Philosophy of Nature: Part Two -Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1817)
   6. ??????????????????????????????????????? vi.??? Philosophy of Mind: Part Three -Encyclopaedia of the Philosophical Sciences (1830)
   7. ?????????????????????????????????????? vii.??? Lectures on the History of Philosophy (1833) ? selections
   8. ????????????????????????????????????? viii.??? The Philosophy of History: Introduction (1837)
   9. ??????????????????????????????????????? ix.??? Outlines of the Phenomenology (1840)
   10. ???????????????????????????????????????? x.??? Outlines of the Logic(1840)
2. b.??? Sourced:
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/hege.htm
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? www.class.uidaho.edu/mickelsen/hegel310.htm
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? http://www.tebyan.net/Events_History/Historical_Figures/2003/8/23/25587.html

3)???? Hegel?s Influences

1. a.???? Friedrich H?lderlin
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Idealization of Greeks ? Poetry as rift between Religion and Reason
2. b.??? Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
3. c.???? Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4. d.??? Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
5. e.???? Friedrich Schiller

4)???? French Revolution

5)???? Immanuel Kant

1. a.???? Critique of Pure Reason, Practical Reason, and Judgment
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Critique of Pure Reason asked posited the questions:
      1. How do we know what we know?
      2. How is knowledge possible?
      3. What can we know?
      4. What can we never expect to know?
2. b.??? Kantian limits to reason and knowledge
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Kant believed that he had demonstrated that we can only know the world as it appears to us, and is experienced by us ? not as it is ?in itself?. Kant had not only provided a foundation for knowledge, he had at the same time also set limits to it. ? Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
      1. 1.???? The Transcendent

6)???? Responses to Kant?s Critiques

1. a.???? Johann Gottlieb Fichte
2. b.??? Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling
3. c.???? Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? All sought to rectify subjective vs. objective knowledge

7)???? Enlightenment vs. Post Enlightenment Thought

1. a.???? Kant attacked metaphysics and sought to create an inseparable barrier between Faith and Reason.
2. b.??? Schelling and Hegel are Lutherans that ascribed to ?inner freedom?. And the French Revolution externalized that ?inner freedom?.

8)???? German Idealism post Kant and the Enlightenment

1. a.???? Meaning of Idealism ? The word ?idealism? has more than one meaning. The philosophical meaning of idealism here is that the properties we discover in objects depend on the way that those objects appear to us as perceiving subjects, and not something they possess ?in themselves,? apart from our experience of them. The very notion of a ?thing in itself? should be understood as an option of a set of functions for an operating mind, such that we consider something that appears without respect to the specific manner in which it appears. The question of what properties a thing might have ?independently of the mind? is thus incoherent for Idealism^{[citation needed][clarification needed]}.
2. b.??? Central theme ? the universe as a coherent whole and the role freedom plays in that conception
3. c.???? Differences in formulating an underlying principle to Kant?s work
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Spinoza ? Sought to show mind and matter as the same basic substance
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Schelling ? The absolute as a ?neutral identity? that underlies both the subject and the object
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Fichte ? Philosophical system needs to be based on a single underlying principle ? Absolute Subjectivity ? i.e. All reality is a subjective (mind) whole
4. d.??? Hegel ? The Phenomenology of Spirit
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Absolute Idealism ? ?Hegel. It is Hegel?s account of how being is ultimately comprehensible as an all-inclusive whole. Hegel asserted that in order for the thinking subject (human reason or consciousness) to be able to know its object (the world) at all, there must be in some sense an identity of thought and being. Otherwise, the subject would never have access to the object and we would have no certainty about any of our knowledge of the world. To account for the differences between thought and being, however, as well as the richness and diversity of each, the unity of thought and being cannot be expressed as the abstract identity ?A=A?. Absolute idealism is the attempt to demonstrate this unity using a new ?speculative? philosophical method, which requires new concepts and rules of logic. According to Hegel, the absolute ground of being is essentially a dynamic, historical process of necessity that unfolds by itself in the form of increasingly complex forms of being and of consciousness, ultimately giving rise to all the diversity in the world and in the concepts with which we think and make sense of the world.
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Master-slave dialectic ? The passage describes, in narrative form, the development of self-consciousness as such in an encounter between what are thereby (i.e., emerging only from this encounter) two distinct, self-conscious beings; the essence of the dialectic is the movement or motion of recognizing, in which the two self-consciousnesses are constituted each in being recognized as self-conscious by the other. This movement, inexorably taken to its extreme, takes the form of a ?struggle to the death? in which one masters the other, only to find that such lordship makes the very recognition he had sought impossible, since the bondsman, in this state, is not free to offer it.It is a story or myth created by Hegel in order to explain his idea of how self-consciousness dialectically sublates into what he variously refers to as Absolute Knowledge, Spirit, and Science. As a work the Phenomenology may be considered both as an independent work, apparently considered by Hegel to be an a priori for understanding the Science of Logic, and as a part of the Science of Logic, where absolute knowledge is explained.
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? History as Self-Realization ? Patterns where the parts fit the whole, a fractal
      1. 1.???? A pattern of subjective awareness of the pattern towards freedom, both intrinsically and extrinsically.

9)???? The Hegelian Dialectic

1. a.???? Attempted to create a new system of logic that would supplant Aristotle?s deduction syllogism
2. b.??? Dialectical Thinking ? Hegelian dialectic
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? The concept of dialectics was given new life by Hegel (following Fichte), whose dialectically dynamic model of nature and of history made it, as it were, a fundamental aspect of the nature of reality (instead of regarding the contradictions into which dialectics leads as a sign of the sterility of the dialectical method, as Kant tended to do in his Critique of Pure Reason).[26][27] In the mid-19th century, the concept of ?dialectic? was appropriated by Marx (see, for example, Das Kapital, published in 1867) and Engels and retooled in a non-idealist manner, becoming a crucial notion in their philosophy of dialectical materialism. Thus this concept has played a prominent role on the world stage and in world history. In contemporary polemics, ?dialectics? may also refer to an understanding of how we can or should perceive the world (epistemology); an assertion that the nature of the world outside one?s perception is interconnected, contradictory, and dynamic (ontology); or it can refer to a method of presentation of ideas and conclusions (discourse).
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? According to Hegel, ?dialectic? is the method by which human history unfolds; that is to say, history progresses as a dialectical process. Hegelian dialectic, usually presented in a threefold manner, was stated by Heinrich Moritz Chalyb?us as comprising three dialectical stages of development: a thesis, giving rise to its reaction, an antithesis, which contradicts or negates the thesis, and the tension between the two being resolved by means of a synthesis. Although this model is often named after Hegel, he himself never used that specific formulation. Hegel ascribed that terminology to Kant.[28] Carrying on Kant?s work, Fichte greatly elaborated on the synthesis model, and popularized it. On the other hand, Hegel did use a three-valued logical model that is very similar to the antithesis model, but Hegel?s most usual terms were: Abstract-Negative-Concrete. Hegel used this writing model as a backbone to accompany his points in many of his works. The formula, Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis, does not explain why the Thesis requires an Antithesis. However, the formula, Abstract-Negative-Concrete, suggests a flaw in any initial thesis?it is too abstract and lacks the negative of trial, error and experience. For Hegel, the Concrete, the Synthesis, the Absolute, must always pass through the phase of the Negative, that is, Mediation. This is the actual essence of what is popularly called Hegelian Dialectics. To describe the activity of overcoming the negative, Hegel also often used the term Aufhebung, variously translated into English as ?sublation? or ?overcoming,? to conceive of the working of the dialectic. Roughly, the term indicates preserving the useful portion of an idea, thing, society, etc., while moving beyond its limitations. (Jacques Derrida?s preferred French translation of the term was relever).[29] In the Logic, for instance, Hegel describes a dialectic of existence: first, existence must be posited as pure Being (Sein); but pure Being, upon examination, is found to be indistinguishable from Nothing (Nichts). When it is realized that what is coming into being is, at the same time, also returning to nothing (in life, for example, one?s living is also a dying), both Being and Nothing are united as Becoming.[30] As in the Socratic dialectic, Hegel claimed to proceed by making implicit contradictions explicit: each stage of the process is the product of contradictions inherent or implicit in the preceding stage.
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? For Hegel, the whole of history is one tremendous dialectic, major stages of which chart a progression from self-alienation as slavery to self-unification and realization as the rational, constitutional state of free and equal citizens. The Hegelian dialectic cannot be mechanically applied for any chosen thesis. Critics argue that the selection of any antithesis, other than the logical negation of the thesis, is subjective. Then, if the logical negation is used as the antithesis, there is no rigorous way to derive a synthesis. In practice, when an antithesis is selected to suit the user?s subjective purpose, the resulting ?contradictions? are rhetorical, not logical, and the resulting synthesis is not rigorously defensible against a multitude of other possible syntheses. The problem with the Fichtean ?Thesis-Antithesis-Synthesis? model is that it implies that contradictions or negations come from outside of things. Hegel?s point is that they are inherent in and internal to things. This conception of dialectics derives ultimately from Heraclitus.Hegel has outlined that the purpose of dialectics is ?to study things in their own being and movement and thus to demonstrate the finitude of the partial categories of understanding?[31]
3. c.???? Sublation ? Aristotle?s law of identity, particular self-identities in deductive patterns ? Hegel sought to dissolve the static view in favor of a movement towards the whole
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? The whole is fractal in nature; i.e. it preserves what it overcomes.? Therefore, it preserves contradictions as a movement towards a synthesis.
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Quantum Theory, Postmodern Cosmology, Chaos Theory, Computer Interfacing, and Ecology, as well as Cybernetics, ascribe to parts fitting into a whole.
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Sublation is the term that signifies the contradiction of overcoming and at the same time preserving that which it overcomes.
4. d.??? Negation ? Hegel calls this dynamic aspect of his thinking the power of ?negation?. It is by means of this ?negativity? of thought that the static (or habitual) becomes discarded or dissolved, made fluid and adaptable, and recovers its eagerness to push on towards ?the whole?. Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Dialectical thinking derives its dynamic of negation from its ability to reveal ?contradictions? within almost any category or identity.
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Hegel?s ?contradiction? does not simply mean a mechanical denial or opposition. Indeed, he challenges the classical notion of static self-identity, A = A, or A not= non-A.
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? By negation or contradiction, Hegel means a wide variety of relations difference, opposition, reflection or relation. It can indicate the mere insufficiency of a category or its incoherence. Most dramatically, categories are sometimes shown to be self-contradictory.
      1. Three Kinds of Contradiction
         1. Being ? Nothing / Quantity ? Quality
         2. Essence ? Inner and Outer, Intrinsic and Extrinsic, Implicit and Explicit
         3. Concept ? Particularity and Universality, out of which, abstractly, we see the opposed principles produces a synthesis called Individuality
5. e.???? Thesis ? Antithesis ? Synthesis
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Thesis ? A thought affirmed which on reflection proves itself unsatisfactory, incomplete or contradictory?
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Antithesis ? Which propels the affirmation of its negation, the anti-thesis, which also on reflection proves inadequate?
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Synthesis ? and so is again negated
6. f.????? Kant?s Dialectic vs. Hegel?s Dialectic
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Kant?s dialectic logic of transcendent noumena ?things in themselves?, which operates independently of experience
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Hegel?s view contrary to Kant?s transcendent is that of reality as a totality which gives true knowledge
7. g.??? Absolute Knowledge ? Knowing, for Hegel, is something you do. It is an act. But it is also presence of mind. Hegel seems to hold out the vision, even the experience, of thinking as self-presence. Of being present to, or with, oneself of being fully self-possessed, self-aware. Of self-consciousness as a huge cosmic accomplishment. Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Reading Hegel gives one a sense that the movement of thought will coincide with a vision of harmony that awaits us at the end of the whole process. Every serious reader of Hegel can bear witness to the intoxication of such moments.
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Absolute Knowledge, in the form of the complete self-consciousness and self-possession of spirit, is only available at the end-point of the think process. But there is no distinction possible between the driving energy of thought and this sense of harmony and fulfilment in the whole. It is ultimately the universal which has the upper hand. As Hegel?s Logic puts it ?
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Everything depends on the ?identity of identity and non-identity?.
   4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? In philosophy, the latest birth of time is the result of all the systems that have preceded it, and must include their principles: and so, if, on other grounds, it deserves the title of philosophy, it will be the fullest, most comprehensive, and most adequate system of all.
8. h.??? Encyclopedia of the Philosophical Sciences in Outline
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Logic
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Philosophy of Nature
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Philosophy of Mind
9. i.????? Philosophy of Right
   1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Moral Subjectivism
   2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Lectures on the Philosophy of World History
   3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Lectures on Aesthetics (or the Philosophy of Art)
   4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? Lectures on the Philosophy of Religion
   5. ???????????????????????????????????????? v.??? Lectures on the History of Philosophy
10. j.????? According to Hegel, the will is essentially free. This distinguishes us from the animals: having purposes and striving deliberately to achieve them. To possess a will means wanting to be free and therefore, to some extene, already being so, But only abstractly. The realization of freedom ? its becoming actual ? is as much social as personal. Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
11. k.???? The Philosophy of History ? Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
    1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? History as showing a pattern, the logic conveys an idea, and that idea for Hegel is freedom.
    2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? ?So progress in the unfolding of spirit toward freedom is progress in liberation from subjection to nature?. ? Hegel
    3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? The unfolding of spirit, or freedom, in stages.
    4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? The Three Stages of Freedom ? Source: Introduction Hegel by Lloyd Spencer and Andrzej Krauze
       1. Stage One ? the ancient Orient ? only one (the ruler) is free.
       2. Stage Two ? classical Antiquity ? some (but not slaves) are free.
       3. Stage Three ? the Christian-Germanic epoch ? begins with the realization that all should be free, or, as Hegel puts it, that ?man as man is free.?
       4. Arriving at the French Revolution and the Enlightenment (Illuminati?)
12. l.????? Philosophies Post Hegel
    1. ????????????????????????????????????????? i.??? Positivism
    2. ???????????????????????????????????????? ii.??? Existentialism
    3. ??????????????????????????????????????? iii.??? Nihilism
    4. ??????????????????????????????????????? iv.??? Marxism ? Property is not something natural for Hegel, but founded on convention. This outlined Marx?s justifications for the inequitable distribution of wealth.

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Video: SpaceX docks on International Space Station

>>> now to what happened high above earth today. today marked the future of the space program in this country. it's not our space program as much as it is a private company , a commercial space krath that docked to with the international space station . our report tonight from nbc's tom costello.

>> station houston, you have a go for capture.

>> flying high above australia at 17,000 miles an hour. a private company this morning managed to accomplish something only four nations have ever achieved. at 9:56 a.m . --

>> chapture is confirmed.

>> the space station 's arm reached out and grabbed a space craft named dragon.

>> it looks like we got a dragon by the tail.

>> at spacex headquarters out of los angeles , celebration and tears.

>> i would like to thank the whole spacex team. you guys are awesome.

>> the man behind it all, spacex founder, elon musk .

>> it's a fantastic day and a great day for the country and for the world.

>> with a space shuttle fleet retired, nasa has been relying on russian space craft to ferry astronauts and cargo to and from the station while waiting for private business to take over. surprisingly, this company, just ten years old, beat out some big competitors to win a $1.6 billion nasa contract.

>> they completely built and tested and flew this space craft in a manner that has really been remarkable.

>> the average age at spacex is just 30, but it combined years of nasa know-how with different thinking to pull this off.

>> this mission is only the beginning of a widening of space acce access, including not just cargo to orbit but people to orbit.

>> the first spacex manned mission could be years away. tonight, with dragon in the station's arm, it's champagne at spacex . tom costello, nbc news, washington.

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2011 Challenge | Blog | Hope to root out the second of the rat

Hope to root out the second of the rat
Their goal was very clear, is the rinse hair belly this rush to the booth.XuJianJun listen to the voice of the telephone doodle, ha ha big say with smile: this silly force, he which know old two of the company in wangfujing street. Hope to root out the second of the rat.However, more than 10 minutes past the replica watches to the phone, says and found no suspicious man, but didn?t find they said of the mouse, after all of the Beijing floating population is too much, the replica watches uk more crowded.Watch from another lane that has get out, then loaded into the tourist, very are curious about the tracking up, he went to see the means to through the days of characters what party god, even all the forces of Beijing so powerful. Watch composure, far in excess of the three young men behind him.The three young men a look is not that serious people, including a keep baldheaded, the other two hair dyed became yellow, three neck has hung gold chains, arm have a tattoo tattoo, wear also very optional, but shoes. Three in wangfujing turn for nearly an hour, just to sway long into the is the south?s Dan yao building, eleven floors of the building, fake ferrari there are many office building, the seventh floor apartment above, under the seventh floor and market, and dozens of company?s business address, etc.Three in five downstairs elevator, then turning into a called ?of? extension of business consulting company inside. The fifth floor and another extension of called advertising company, extension of a health care company, three companies call extension of, but the advertising company front is the largest, the fifth floor have yingbin sets.And that business consulting company minimum, also in the inside, if not to go, don?t see that business consulting company?s brand. Business consulting company. Watch far glance after he turned and went downstairs.Business consulting company, this company covers the meaning of the business is very wide, there are different, and according to his knowledge, some underground and gangster, sometimes also can dozen business consulting company son. The company replica omega for some enterprises in business plan, but most are secret operation, for example, require illegal business debts, such as private detective, for example, for some individual or company straight trouble etc, it is the business consulting company they manage to do. And the extension of business consulting company, obviously, is the kind of illegal business operations in secret underground organization. Watch did not continue to tracking down the extension of the company behind the big E, can in Beijing by this land, dry the sales person, are obviously is black and white and two way mix quite the mogul, also must be and dalian that eight ye is closely related to the boss, or is the boss its subsidiary company of dalian. Out of wangfujing street, and the change of temporary phone card, Watch through eight ye again the phone. Pick up the telephone is still replica. Watch come straight to the point and laugh with asked: Dan yao extension of the fifth floor isn?t you buying and selling. fake tag heuer silent. He had never expected that Watch this only sly mice had followed watch, has found a subsidiary of watch.Don?t answer is the default is be not. Watch continued. I found that I look down on you because you are the extension of the company, that?s right, my company. XuJianJun sink a track. That good, you the dozen right now. I have received the money, after directly to the extension of, and then contact! Watch get replica confirmed, hang up, take out a mobile phone throw fly.

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Alcatel-Lucent enables a faster, more efficient Internet with entry into ...

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Alcatel-Lucent (Euronext Paris and NYSE: ALU), is to enter the $4bn-a-year market for Internet core routers, with breakthrough technologies that promise enhanced capacity and connectivity, improved energy consumption and dramatically lower costs for the world?s communication networks.

The international telecommunications group today unveiled?products?that modernize the global backbone of the Internet to deal with the new era of video and cloud-based services. In a similar way to telephone exchanges controlling the flow of voice traffic and communications, Internet Protocol (IP) core routers control the flow of data and video traffic in metropolitan areas and cities, across national network backbones and in the global Internet.

Rapidly rising demand for online video and data is being driven by smartphones, tablets, connected TVs and other devices, and enabled by faster copper, fiber and wireless broadband access. These dynamics are forcing network operators to accelerate capacity upgrades in the core of their networks. At the same time, the emergence of cloud-based services and personalized content is driving the need for more flexibility in these networks to quickly adapt to the requirements of consumers and businesses.

Ben Verwaayen, Chief Executive of Alcatel-Lucent, said: ?The new digital economy demands constant and rapid evolution of the networks that manage and deliver data traffic, connecting the hand of consumers with their content and applications in the cloud. Our market entry is the data equivalent of revolutionizing telephone exchanges. It will enable our customers to optimize the delivery of Internet video, gaming, photo sharing and data-hungry business applications.?

Speaking at Alcatel-Lucent?s annual technology symposium, Mr. Verwaayen said the new technologies had been pioneered by the company?s fast-growing IP division, which has already secured more than 25 percent of the market for service provider ?edge routers? ? the systems that network operators deploy to manage broadband connections and service quality for residential and business users.

Alcatel-Lucent estimates its new products, which have taken more than three years to develop, will deliver a five-fold improvement in?capacity and performance as well as energy savings of 66 percent compared with today?s typical IP core routers. Network operators currently spend an estimated $4bn a year* on IP core routers and the combined global energy consumption of core routers has been estimated by Bell Labs to exceed 1.8 Terawatts by 2016, the equivalent of 128,000 homes.

?For over a decade we have invested in advanced silicon and software technology, most recently demonstrated by our breakthrough network processor chipset,?FP3, announced?in June 2011.? Now we are applying this technology to the largest nodes in the Internet, core routers.? said?Basil Alwan, president of the company?s Internet Protocol division. ?Our?7950 XRS core router systems?sit at the massive intersections of the Internet, where billions of individual messages are directed to the correct destinations every second.? Our technology will provide more capacity and more flexible traffic management with reduced energy consumption, helping to ensure better performance from global broadband networks.?

Operators welcome Alcatel-Lucent?s announcement

Major telecom operators, including BT, NTT Communications and Verizon today welcomed Alcatel-Lucent?s announcement and its potential to enhance the global Internet.

Karl Penaluna, President, BT Global Networks and Systems, said: ?BT is constantly improving our network to deliver new and better broadband services to our consumer and business customers. We?ve been using Alcatel-Lucent?s?7750 Service Router?for many years as part of the rollout of the 21CN program across the UK. As we deal with increasing traffic volumes and deliver the growth in cloud services from our data centers, we?ll need platforms for our national and metro core networks that scale to 100G links and beyond. We?re also constantly seeking to reduce our physical footprint and power per bit, so we?re very encouraged to see Alcatel-Lucent meeting these challenges with the 7950 XRS.?

Fumio Ito, Vice President Network Services Technology of NTT Communications, said: ?The success of our broadband services worldwide is resulting in rapid traffic growth in our IP network. As we carry more traffic, we have to improve the power and space efficiency of our network infrastructure. We are pleased to see innovation from Alcatel-Lucent that brings enhancements to the IP network in terms that might be able to address our operational challenges and costs.?

Ihab Tarazi, Vice President of Global IP and Transport Planning and Technology at Verizon, said: ?Verizon is experiencing tremendous growth in metro Ethernet services. Platforms such as the Alcatel-Lucent 7950 XRS will help us efficiently scale to support higher speeds and new capabilities while offering efficiency and flexibility. We applaud Alcatel-Lucent for its bold approach to router value and performance.

Tagged as: 7950 XRS core router systems, Alcatel Lucent Router market entry, Alcatel Lucent XRS 7950, Alcatel Lucent Xtensible routing system

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